The daily diet of an 18th-century sailor—dominated by dry hardtack, heavily salted beef, and a severe lack of fresh water and dietary fiber—had a punishing effect on the human digestive system. Agonizing, life-threatening bowel blockages were incredibly common at sea. To treat this, the ship's surgeon used a "clyster"—a massive, heavy brass syringe used to administer enemas. Filled with warm mixtures of vinegar, soap, and oils, this brutal medical tool was the surgeon's primary weapon to relieve blockages. While highly uncomfortable, this common procedure saved countless sailors from the toxic, fatal complications of severe constipation on long ocean voyages. #NavalMedicine #ClysterSyringe #MedicalHistory